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Loading Google Analytics Data to Redshift Using Python's dlt Library

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This technical documentation provides guidance on how to load data from Google Analytics, a platform that gathers data from your websites and apps to generate reports offering business insights, to Redshift, a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service in the cloud. The process is facilitated using an open source Python library called dlt. dlt allows you to handle data ranging from a few hundred gigabytes to over a petabyte. Detailed information about the Google Analytics source can be found at https://analytics.google.com. The objective is to enable efficient data management and provide insights for improved decision-making.

dlt Key Features​

  • Google Analytics: Google Analytics is a service for web analytics that tracks and provides data regarding user engagement with your website or application. This Google Analytics dlt verified source loads data using “Google Analytics API” to the destination of your choice.

  • Governance Support in dlt Pipelines: dlt pipelines offer robust governance support through three key mechanisms: pipeline metadata utilization, schema enforcement and curation, and schema change alerts.

  • Extracting data with dlt: Extracting data with dlt is simple - you simply decorate your data-producing functions with loading or incremental extraction metadata, which enables dlt to extract and load by your custom logic. dlt offers scalable data extraction by leveraging iterators, chunking, and parallelization techniques.

  • Amazon Redshift: Amazon Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service in the cloud. The dlt library provides a simple, declarative interface for loading data into Redshift.

  • Data Lineage: dlt provides robust data lineage features, allowing for easy tracking and tracing of data throughout its lifecycle. This helps ensure data integrity and facilitates compliance with data governance policies.

Getting started with your pipeline locally​

0. Prerequisites​

dlt requires Python 3.8 or higher. Additionally, you need to have the pip package manager installed, and we recommend using a virtual environment to manage your dependencies. You can learn more about preparing your computer for dlt in our installation reference.

1. Install dlt​

First you need to install the dlt library with the correct extras for Redshift:

pip install "dlt[redshift]"

The dlt cli has a useful command to get you started with any combination of source and destination. For this example, we want to load data from Google Analytics to Redshift. You can run the following commands to create a starting point for loading data from Google Analytics to Redshift:

# create a new directory
mkdir my-google_analytics-pipeline
cd my-google_analytics-pipeline
# initialize a new pipeline with your source and destination
dlt init google_analytics redshift
# install the required dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

The last command will install the required dependencies for your pipeline. The dependencies are listed in the requirements.txt:

google-analytics-data
google-api-python-client
google-auth-oauthlib
requests_oauthlib
dlt[redshift]>=0.3.25

You now have the following folder structure in your project:

my-google_analytics-pipeline/
├── .dlt/
│   ├── config.toml          # configs for your pipeline
│   └── secrets.toml         # secrets for your pipeline
├── google_analytics/                   # folder with source specific files
│   └── ...
├── google_analytics_pipeline.py        # your main pipeline script
├── requirements.txt         # dependencies for your pipeline
└── .gitignore               # ignore files for git (not required)

2. Configuring your source and destination credentials​

The dlt cli will have created a .dlt directory in your project folder. This directory contains a config.toml file and a secrets.toml file that you can use to configure your pipeline:

config.toml​

# put your configuration values here

[runtime]
log_level="WARNING"  # the system log level of dlt
# use the dlthub_telemetry setting to enable/disable anonymous usage data reporting, see https://dlthub.com/docs/telemetry
dlthub_telemetry = true

[sources.google_analytics]
property_id = 0 # please set me up!
queries = 
["a", "b", "c"] # please set me up!

secrets.toml​

# put your secret values and credentials here. do not share this file and do not push it to github

[sources.google_analytics.credentials]
client_id = "client_id" # please set me up!
client_secret = "client_secret" # please set me up!
refresh_token = "refresh_token" # please set me up!
project_id = "project_id" # please set me up!

[destination.redshift.credentials]
database = "database" # please set me up!
password = "password" # please set me up!
username = "username" # please set me up!
host = "host" # please set me up!
port = 5439
connect_timeout = 15
Further help setting up your source and destinations

Please consult the detailed setup instructions for the Redshift destination in the dlt destinations documentation.

Likewise you can find the setup instructions for Google Analytics source in the dlt verifed sources documentation.

3. Running your pipeline for the first time​

The dlt cli has also created a main pipeline script for you at google_analytics_pipeline.py, as well as a folder google_analytics that contains additional python files for your source. These files are your local copies which you can modify to fit your needs. In some cases you may find that you only need to do small changes to your pipelines or add some configurations, in other cases these files can serve as a working starting point for your code, but will need to be adjusted to do what you need them to do.

The main pipeline script will look something like this:

""" Loads the pipeline for Google Analytics V4. """

import time
from typing import Any

import dlt

from google_analytics import google_analytics

# this can also be filled in config.toml and be left empty as a parameter.
QUERIES = [
    {
        "resource_name": "sample_analytics_data1",
        "dimensions": ["browser", "city"],
        "metrics": ["totalUsers", "transactions"],
    },
    {
        "resource_name": "sample_analytics_data2",
        "dimensions": ["browser", "city", "dateHour"],
        "metrics": ["totalUsers"],
    },
]


def simple_load() -> Any:
    """
    Just loads the data normally. Incremental loading for this pipeline is on,
    the last load time is saved in dlt_state, and the next load of the pipeline will have the last load as a starting date.

    Returns:
        Load info on the pipeline that has been run.
    """
    # FULL PIPELINE RUN
    pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
        pipeline_name="dlt_google_analytics_pipeline",
        destination='redshift',
        full_refresh=False,
        dataset_name="sample_analytics_data",
    )
    # Google Analytics source function - taking data from QUERIES defined locally instead of config
    # TODO: pass your google analytics property id as google_analytics(property_id=123,..)
    data_analytics = google_analytics(queries=QUERIES)
    info = pipeline.run(data=data_analytics)
    print(info)
    return info


def simple_load_config() -> Any:
    """
    Just loads the data normally. QUERIES are taken from config. Incremental loading for this pipeline is on,
    the last load time is saved in dlt_state, and the next load of the pipeline will have the last load as a starting date.

    Returns:
        Load info on the pipeline that has been run.
    """
    # FULL PIPELINE RUN
    pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
        pipeline_name="dlt_google_analytics_pipeline",
        destination='redshift',
        full_refresh=False,
        dataset_name="sample_analytics_data",
    )
    # Google Analytics source function - taking data from QUERIES defined locally instead of config
    data_analytics = google_analytics()
    info = pipeline.run(data=data_analytics)
    print(info)
    return info


def chose_date_first_load(start_date: str = "2000-01-01") -> Any:
    """
    Chooses the starting date for the first pipeline load. Subsequent loads of the pipeline will be from the last loaded date.

    Args:
        start_date: The string version of the date in the format yyyy-mm-dd and some other values.
            More info: https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/reporting/data/v1/rest/v1beta/DateRange

    Returns:
        Load info on the pipeline that has been run.
    """
    # FULL PIPELINE RUN
    pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
        pipeline_name="dlt_google_analytics_pipeline",
        destination='redshift',
        full_refresh=False,
        dataset_name="sample_analytics_data",
    )
    # Google Analytics source function
    data_analytics = google_analytics(start_date=start_date)
    info = pipeline.run(data=data_analytics)
    print(info)
    return info


if __name__ == "__main__":
    start_time = time.time()
    simple_load()
    end_time = time.time()
    print(f"Time taken: {end_time-start_time}")

Provided you have set up your credentials, you can run your pipeline like a regular python script with the following command:

python google_analytics_pipeline.py

4. Inspecting your load result​

You can now inspect the state of your pipeline with the dlt cli:

dlt pipeline dlt_google_analytics_pipeline info

You can also use streamlit to inspect the contents of your Redshift destination for this:

# install streamlit
pip install streamlit
# run the streamlit app for your pipeline with the dlt cli:
dlt pipeline dlt_google_analytics_pipeline show

5. Next steps to get your pipeline running in production​

One of the beauties of dlt is, that we are just a plain Python library, so you can run your pipeline in any environment that supports Python >= 3.8. We have a couple of helpers and guides in our docs to get you there:

The Deploy section will show you how to deploy your pipeline to​

  • Deploy with Github Actions: Github Actions is a CI/CD runner that you can use for free. dlt provides a simple command dlt deploy <script>.py github-action --schedule "*/30 * * * *". Learn more about the process in this guide.
  • Deploy with Airflow: Google Composer is a managed Airflow environment provided by Google. dlt can create an Airflow DAG for your pipeline script that you can customize. Find more details in this guide.
  • Deploy with Google Cloud Functions: Google Cloud Functions is a serverless execution environment for building and connecting cloud services. dlt offers a simple way to deploy your pipelines using Google Cloud Functions. Follow this guide to learn more.
  • Other Deployment Options: dlt supports a variety of deployment options to suit your needs. Check out other methods in this guide.

The running in production section will teach you about:​

  • Monitor your Pipeline: dlt allows you to monitor your data pipeline in real-time, helping you to identify any potential issues and ensure optimal performance. Learn more about it here.
  • Set up Alerts: With dlt, you can set up alerts to be notified about any changes or issues in your data pipeline. This feature allows you to respond quickly and effectively to any problems. Find out how to set up alerts here.
  • Enable Tracing: Tracing in dlt provides detailed information about the execution of your data pipeline. This can be incredibly useful for debugging and performance tuning. Learn how to set up tracing here.

Additional pipeline guides​

This demo works on codespaces. Codespaces is a development environment available for free to anyone with a Github account. You'll be asked to fork the demo repository and from there the README guides you with further steps.
The demo uses the Continue VSCode extension.

Off to codespaces!

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