Loading Data from SoundCloud to AlloyDB with dlt in Python
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SoundCloud is an online audio distribution platform and music sharing website that enables its users to upload, promote, and share audio. AlloyDB for PostgreSQL is a fully managed, PostgreSQL-compatible database service designed for demanding workloads, including hybrid transactional and analytical processing. This guide covers how to load data from SoundCloud to AlloyDB using the open-source Python library dlt. The dlt library simplifies the process of extracting, transforming, and loading data, ensuring seamless integration between SoundCloud and AlloyDB. For more information about SoundCloud, visit SoundCloud.
dlt Key Features
- Pipeline Metadata:
dltpipelines leverage metadata to provide governance capabilities. This metadata includes load IDs, which consist of a timestamp and pipeline name. Load IDs enable incremental transformations and data vaulting by tracking data loads and facilitating data lineage and traceability. Read more about lineage. - Schema Enforcement and Curation:
dltempowers users to enforce and curate schemas, ensuring data consistency and quality. Schemas define the structure of normalized data and guide the processing and loading of data. By adhering to predefined schemas, pipelines maintain data integrity and facilitate standardized data handling practices. Read more: Adjust a schema docs. - Scalability via Iterators, Chunking, and Parallelization:
dltoffers scalable data extraction by leveraging iterators, chunking, and parallelization techniques. This approach allows for efficient processing of large datasets by breaking them down into manageable chunks. Read more about performance. - Implicit Extraction DAGs:
dltincorporates the concept of implicit extraction DAGs to handle the dependencies between data sources and their transformations automatically. An extraction DAG determines the optimal order for extracting resources to ensure data consistency and integrity. Read more in the tutorial. - Join the
dltCommunity: Engage with the community by giving the library a ⭐ on GitHub, asking questions on Slack, or reporting problems and making feature requests here.
Getting started with your pipeline locally
dlt-init-openapi0. Prerequisites
dlt and dlt-init-openapi requires Python 3.9 or higher. Additionally, you need to have the pip package manager installed, and we recommend using a virtual environment to manage your dependencies. You can learn more about preparing your computer for dlt in our installation reference.
1. Install dlt and dlt-init-openapi
First you need to install the dlt-init-openapi cli tool.
pip install dlt-init-openapi
The dlt-init-openapi cli is a powerful generator which you can use to turn any OpenAPI spec into a dlt source to ingest data from that api. The quality of the generator source is dependent on how well the API is designed and how accurate the OpenAPI spec you are using is. You may need to make tweaks to the generated code, you can learn more about this here.
# generate pipeline
# NOTE: add_limit adds a global limit, you can remove this later
# NOTE: you will need to select which endpoints to render, you
# can just hit Enter and all will be rendered.
dlt-init-openapi soundcloud --url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dlt-hub/openapi-specs/main/open_api_specs/Public/soundcloud.yaml --global-limit 2
cd soundcloud_pipeline
# install generated requirements
pip install -r requirements.txt
The last command will install the required dependencies for your pipeline. The dependencies are listed in the requirements.txt:
dlt>=0.4.12
You now have the following folder structure in your project:
soundcloud_pipeline/
├── .dlt/
│ ├── config.toml # configs for your pipeline
│ └── secrets.toml # secrets for your pipeline
├── rest_api/ # The rest api verified source
│ └── ...
├── soundcloud/
│ └── __init__.py # TODO: possibly tweak this file
├── soundcloud_pipeline.py # your main pipeline script
├── requirements.txt # dependencies for your pipeline
└── .gitignore # ignore files for git (not required)
1.1. Tweak soundcloud/__init__.py
This file contains the generated configuration of your rest_api. You can continue with the next steps and leave it as is, but you might want to come back here and make adjustments if you need your rest_api source set up in a different way. The generated file for the soundcloud source will look like this:
Click to view full file (568 lines)
from typing import List
import dlt
from dlt.extract.source import DltResource
from rest_api import rest_api_source
from rest_api.typing import RESTAPIConfig
@dlt.source(name="soundcloud_source", max_table_nesting=2)
def soundcloud_source(
api_key: str = dlt.secrets.value,
base_url: str = dlt.config.value,
) -> List[DltResource]:
# source configuration
source_config: RESTAPIConfig = {
"client": {
"base_url": base_url,
"auth": {
"type": "api_key",
"api_key": api_key,
"name": "Authorization",
"location": "header"
},
"paginator": {
"type":
"offset",
"limit":
200,
"offset_param":
"offset",
"limit_param":
"limit",
"total_path":
"",
"maximum_offset":
20,
},
},
"resources":
[
{
"name": "get_meactivities",
"table_name": "activity",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/activities",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_trackstrack_idcomments",
"table_name": "comment",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/tracks/{track_id}/comments",
"params": {
"track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idcomments",
"table_name": "comment",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/comments",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
# <h3>Security Advice</h3> * Using the [implicit OAuth authorization flow](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-security-topics-16#section-2.1.2) (`response_type=token`) is **not recommended**. It can suffer from access token leakage and access token replay attacks. Use `response_type=code` instead. * Use the `state` parameter for [CSRF protection](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-security-topics-16#section-4.7). Pass a sufficient random nonce here and verify this nonce again after retrieving the token.
{
"name": "get_connect",
"table_name": "connect",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/connect",
"params": {
"client_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
"redirect_uri": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
"response_type": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
"scope": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "state": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_meconnections",
"table_name": "connection",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/connections",
}
},
{
"name": "get_meconnectionsconnection_id",
"table_name": "connection",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/connections/{connection_id}",
"params": {
"connection_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idfavorites",
"table_name": "favorite",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/favorites",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_trackstrack_idfavoriters",
"table_name": "favoriter",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/tracks/{track_id}/favoriters",
"params": {
"track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_mefollowers",
"table_name": "follower",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/followers",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_mefollowersfollower_id",
"table_name": "follower",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/followers/{follower_id}",
"params": {
"follower_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
# Returns a list of users that follows (user_id).
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idfollowers",
"table_name": "follower",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/followers",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_mefollowings",
"table_name": "following",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/followings",
}
},
{
"name": "get_mefollowingsuser_id",
"table_name": "following",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/followings/{user_id}",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
# Returns list of users that (user_id) follows.
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idfollowings",
"table_name": "following",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/followings",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
# Returns (following_id) that is followed by (user_id).
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idfollowingsfollowing_id",
"table_name": "following",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/followings/{following_id}",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
"following_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_mefavoritesids",
"table_name": "id",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/favorites/ids",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_me",
"table_name": "me",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me",
}
},
{
"name": "get_meactivitiesallown",
"table_name": "own",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/activities/all/own",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
# Returns playlist info, playlist tracks and tracks owner info.
{
"name": "get_meplaylists",
"table_name": "playlist",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/playlists",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_meplaylistsplaylist_id",
"table_name": "playlist",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/playlists/{playlist_id}",
"params": {
"playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_playlists",
"table_name": "playlist",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/playlists",
"params": {
"q": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_playlistsplaylist_id",
"table_name": "playlist",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/playlists/{playlist_id}",
"params": {
"playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "access": "playable,preview",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idplaylists",
"table_name": "playlist",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/playlists",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "limit": "50",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_trackstrack_idrelated",
"table_name": "related",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/tracks/{track_id}/related",
"params": {
"track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_playlistsplaylist_idreposters",
"table_name": "reposter",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/playlists/{playlist_id}/reposters",
"params": {
"playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_trackstrack_idreposters",
"table_name": "reposter",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/tracks/{track_id}/reposters",
"params": {
"track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_resolve",
"table_name": "resolve",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/resolve",
"params": {
"url": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_trackstrack_idstreams",
"table_name": "stream",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/tracks/{track_id}/streams",
"params": {
"track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_meactivitiestracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/activities/tracks",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_mefollowingstracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/followings/tracks",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_melikestracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/likes/tracks",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_metracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/tracks",
"params": {
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_metrackstrack_id",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/me/tracks/{track_id}",
"params": {
"track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_playlistsplaylist_idtracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/playlists/{playlist_id}/tracks",
"params": {
"playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_tracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/tracks",
"params": {
"q": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "ids": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "genres": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "tags": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "bpm": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "duration": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "created_at": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_trackstrack_id",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/tracks/{track_id}",
"params": {
"track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idlikestracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/likes/tracks",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "limit": "50",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idtracks",
"table_name": "track",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/tracks",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "access": "playable,preview",
# "limit": "50",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_users",
"table_name": "user",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users",
"params": {
"q": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "ids": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
# "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_usersuser_id",
"table_name": "user",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
},
}
},
{
"name": "get_usersuser_idweb_profiles",
"table_name": "web_profile",
"endpoint": {
"path": "/users/{user_id}/web-profiles",
"params": {
"user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
# the parameters below can optionally be configured
# "limit": "50",
},
}
},
]
}
return rest_api_source(source_config)
2. Configuring your source and destination credentials
info
dlt-init-openapi will try to detect which authentication mechanism (if any) is used by the API in question and add a placeholder in your secrets.toml.
The dlt cli will have created a .dlt directory in your project folder. This directory contains a config.toml file and a secrets.toml file that you can use to configure your pipeline. The automatically created version of these files look like this:
generated config.toml
[runtime]
log_level="INFO"
[sources.soundcloud]
# Base URL for the API
base_url = "https://api.soundcloud.com"
generated secrets.toml
[sources.soundcloud]
# secrets for your soundcloud source
api_key = "FILL ME OUT" # TODO: fill in your credentials
2.1. Adjust the generated code to your usecase
Further help setting up your source and destinations
At this time, the dlt-init-openapi cli tool will always create pipelines that load to a local duckdb instance. Switching to a different destination is trivial, all you need to do is change the destination parameter in soundcloud_pipeline.py to postgres and supply the credentials as outlined in the destination doc linked below.
3. Running your pipeline for the first time
The dlt cli has also created a main pipeline script for you at soundcloud_pipeline.py, as well as a folder soundcloud that contains additional python files for your source. These files are your local copies which you can modify to fit your needs. In some cases you may find that you only need to do small changes to your pipelines or add some configurations, in other cases these files can serve as a working starting point for your code, but will need to be adjusted to do what you need them to do.
The main pipeline script will look something like this:
import dlt
from soundcloud import soundcloud_source
if __name__ == "__main__":
pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
pipeline_name="soundcloud_pipeline",
destination='duckdb',
dataset_name="soundcloud_data",
progress="log",
export_schema_path="schemas/export"
)
source = soundcloud_source()
info = pipeline.run(source)
print(info)
Provided you have set up your credentials, you can run your pipeline like a regular python script with the following command:
python soundcloud_pipeline.py
4. Inspecting your load result
You can now inspect the state of your pipeline with the dlt cli:
dlt pipeline soundcloud_pipeline info
You can also use streamlit to inspect the contents of your AlloyDB destination for this:
# install streamlit
pip install streamlit
# run the streamlit app for your pipeline with the dlt cli:
dlt pipeline soundcloud_pipeline show
5. Next steps to get your pipeline running in production
One of the beauties of dlt is, that we are just a plain Python library, so you can run your pipeline in any environment that supports Python >= 3.8. We have a couple of helpers and guides in our docs to get you there:
The Deploy section will show you how to deploy your pipeline to
- Deploy with GitHub Actions: Learn how to deploy your
dltpipeline using GitHub Actions for automated workflows. Follow the guide here. - Deploy with Airflow and Google Composer: Discover how to deploy your
dltpipeline with Airflow and Google Composer. Detailed instructions are available here. - Deploy with Google Cloud Functions: Explore how to deploy your
dltpipeline using Google Cloud Functions for serverless execution. Check out the guide here. - Other Deployment Methods: Find additional methods and guides for deploying your
dltpipeline here.
The running in production section will teach you about:
- How to Monitor your pipeline: Learn how to effectively monitor your
dltpipeline in production to ensure it runs smoothly. How to Monitor your pipeline - Set up alerts: Ensure you are notified of any issues or important events by setting up alerts for your
dltpipeline. Set up alerts - Set up tracing: Implement tracing to get detailed insights into the performance and behavior of your
dltpipeline. And set up tracing
Available Sources and Resources
For this verified source the following sources and resources are available
Source Soundcloud
Streams SoundCloud user activities, interactions, and track details.
| Resource Name | Write Disposition | Description |
|---|---|---|
favoriter | append | Users who have favorited a particular track |
own | append | Tracks uploaded by the authenticated user |
track | append | Individual audio tracks available on SoundCloud |
stream | append | Stream of activities related to the authenticated user |
me | append | Profile information of the authenticated user |
follower | append | Users who follow the authenticated user |
activity | append | Recent activities of the authenticated user |
connect | append | Connection requests related to the authenticated user |
connection | append | Established connections of the authenticated user |
favorite | append | Tracks favorited by the authenticated user |
reposter | append | Users who have reposted a particular track |
resolve | append | Resolves SoundCloud URLs to API resources |
id | append | Identifiers for various SoundCloud resources |
user | append | Profile information of any user on SoundCloud |
comment | append | Comments made on tracks |
playlist | append | Playlists created by users |
web_profile | append | External web profiles linked to a user's SoundCloud account |
related | append | Tracks related to a particular track |
following | append | Users that the authenticated user is following |
Additional pipeline guides
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