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Python Guide: Loading Zendesk Data to AWS Athena with dlt

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This technical documentation provides a concise guide on how to load data from Zendesk, a customer service software used by over 200,000 customers worldwide, to AWS Athena, an interactive query service from Amazon. AWS Athena allows easy analysis of data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL and supports iceberg tables. The process is facilitated using an open-source Python library called dlt. More information about Zendesk can be found at https://www.zendesk.de. The guide will walk you through the steps of using dlt to effectively transfer data from Zendesk to AWS Athena.

dlt Key Features

  • Pipeline Metadata Utilization: dlt pipelines leverage metadata, including load IDs, to enable incremental transformations and data vaulting. This facilitates data lineage and traceability. Read more

  • Schema Enforcement and Curation: dlt provides the ability to enforce and curate schemas, promoting data consistency and quality. Schemas guide the processing and loading of data, maintaining data integrity and facilitating standardized data handling practices. Read more

  • Schema Evolution Alerts: dlt alerts users to schema changes in the source data, allowing stakeholders to review and validate the changes, update downstream processes, or perform impact analysis. Read more

  • Scalability and Finetuning: dlt offers several mechanisms and configuration options to scale up and finetune pipelines, including running extraction, normalization and load in parallel, and finetuning memory buffers, intermediary file sizes and compression options. Read more

  • Community Support: dlt is a growing library that supports many features and use cases needed by the community. Join the Slack community to find recent releases or discuss what you can build with dlt. Join Slack

Getting started with your pipeline locally

0. Prerequisites

dlt requires Python 3.8 or higher. Additionally, you need to have the pip package manager installed, and we recommend using a virtual environment to manage your dependencies. You can learn more about preparing your computer for dlt in our installation reference.

1. Install dlt

First you need to install the dlt library with the correct extras for AWS Athena:

pip install "dlt[athena]"

The dlt cli has a useful command to get you started with any combination of source and destination. For this example, we want to load data from Zendesk to AWS Athena. You can run the following commands to create a starting point for loading data from Zendesk to AWS Athena:

# create a new directory
mkdir zendesk_pipeline
cd zendesk_pipeline
# initialize a new pipeline with your source and destination
dlt init zendesk athena
# install the required dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

The last command will install the required dependencies for your pipeline. The dependencies are listed in the requirements.txt:

dlt[athena]>=0.3.8

You now have the following folder structure in your project:

zendesk_pipeline/
├── .dlt/
│ ├── config.toml # configs for your pipeline
│ └── secrets.toml # secrets for your pipeline
├── zendesk/ # folder with source specific files
│ └── ...
├── zendesk_pipeline.py # your main pipeline script
├── requirements.txt # dependencies for your pipeline
└── .gitignore # ignore files for git (not required)

2. Configuring your source and destination credentials

The dlt cli will have created a .dlt directory in your project folder. This directory contains a config.toml file and a secrets.toml file that you can use to configure your pipeline. The automatically created version of these files look like this:

generated config.toml

# put your configuration values here

[runtime]
log_level="WARNING" # the system log level of dlt
# use the dlthub_telemetry setting to enable/disable anonymous usage data reporting, see https://dlthub.com/docs/telemetry
dlthub_telemetry = true

generated secrets.toml

# put your secret values and credentials here. do not share this file and do not push it to github

[sources.zendesk.credentials]
subdomain = "subdomain" # please set me up!
email = "email" # please set me up!
password = "password" # please set me up!

[destination.athena]
query_result_bucket = "query_result_bucket" # please set me up!
athena_work_group = "athena_work_group" # please set me up!

[destination.athena.credentials]
aws_access_key_id = "aws_access_key_id" # please set me up!
aws_secret_access_key = "aws_secret_access_key" # please set me up!

2.1. Adjust the generated code to your usecase

Further help setting up your source and destinations
  • Read more about setting up the Zendesk source in our docs.
  • Read more about setting up the AWS Athena destination in our docs.

3. Running your pipeline for the first time

The dlt cli has also created a main pipeline script for you at zendesk_pipeline.py, as well as a folder zendesk that contains additional python files for your source. These files are your local copies which you can modify to fit your needs. In some cases you may find that you only need to do small changes to your pipelines or add some configurations, in other cases these files can serve as a working starting point for your code, but will need to be adjusted to do what you need them to do.

The main pipeline script will look something like this:


import time
from typing import Any

import dlt
from dlt.common.time import timedelta
from zendesk import (
pendulum,
zendesk_chat,
zendesk_talk,
zendesk_support,
make_date_ranges,
)


def incremental_load_all_default() -> Any:
"""
Loads all possible tables for Zendesk Support, Chat, Talk
"""
# FULL PIPELINE RUN
pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
pipeline_name="dlt_zendesk_pipeline",
destination='athena',
full_refresh=False,
dataset_name="sample_zendesk_data3",
)

# zendesk support source function
data_support = zendesk_support(load_all=True)
# zendesk chat source function
data_chat = zendesk_chat()
# zendesk talk source function
data_talk = zendesk_talk()
# run pipeline with all 3 sources
info = pipeline.run(data=[data_support, data_chat, data_talk])
return info


def load_support_with_pivoting() -> Any:
"""
Loads Zendesk Support data with pivoting. Simply done by setting the pivot_ticket_fields to true - default option. Loads only the base tables.
"""
pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
pipeline_name="zendesk_support_pivoting",
destination='athena',
full_refresh=False,
)
data = zendesk_support(load_all=False, pivot_ticket_fields=True)
info = pipeline.run(data=data)
return info


def incremental_load_all_start_date() -> Any:
"""
Implements incremental load when possible to Support, Chat and Talk Endpoints. The default behaviour gets data since the last load time saved in dlt state or
1st Jan 2000 if there has been no previous loading of the resource. With this setting, the sources will load data since the given data for all incremental endpoints.
Last load time will still be updated.
"""

# Choosing starting point for incremental load - optional, the default is the last load time. If no last load time
# the start time will be the 1st day of the millennium
# start time needs to be a pendulum datetime object
start_date = pendulum.DateTime(year=2023, month=1, day=1).in_timezone("UTC")

pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
pipeline_name="dlt_zendesk_pipeline",
destination='athena',
full_refresh=False,
dataset_name="sample_zendesk_data",
)
data = zendesk_support(load_all=True, start_date=start_date)
data_chat = zendesk_chat(start_date=start_date)
data_talk = zendesk_talk(start_date=start_date)
info = pipeline.run(data=[data, data_chat, data_talk])
return info


def incremental_load_with_backloading() -> Any:
"""Backload historic data in ranges. In this method we load all tickets so far created since Jan 1st 2023 but one week at a time
and then switch to incrementally loading new tickets.
This can useful to reduce the potiential failure window when loading large amounts of historic data.
This approach can be used with all incremental Zendesk sources.
"""
pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
pipeline_name="dlt_zendesk_pipeline",
destination='athena',
full_refresh=False,
dataset_name="sample_zendesk_data",
)

# Load ranges of dates to load between January 1st 2023 and today
min_start_date = pendulum.DateTime(year=2023, month=1, day=1).in_timezone("UTC")
max_end_date = pendulum.today()
# Generate tuples of date ranges, each with 1 week in between.
ranges = make_date_ranges(min_start_date, max_end_date, timedelta(weeks=1))

# Run the pipeline in a loop for each 1 week range
for start, end in ranges:
print(f"Loading tickets between {start} and {end}")
data = zendesk_support(start_date=start, end_date=end).with_resources("tickets")
info = pipeline.run(data=data)
print(info)

# Backloading is done, now we continue loading with incremental state, starting where the backloading left off
print(f"Loading with incremental state, starting at {end}")
data = zendesk_support(start_date=end).with_resources("tickets")
info = pipeline.run(data)
print(info)


if __name__ == "__main__":
# simple run where everything is loaded
start = time.time()
load_info = incremental_load_all_default()
end = time.time()
print(load_info)
print(f"Time taken: {end-start}")

Provided you have set up your credentials, you can run your pipeline like a regular python script with the following command:

python zendesk_pipeline.py

4. Inspecting your load result

You can now inspect the state of your pipeline with the dlt cli:

dlt pipeline dlt_zendesk_pipeline info

You can also use streamlit to inspect the contents of your AWS Athena destination for this:

# install streamlit
pip install streamlit
# run the streamlit app for your pipeline with the dlt cli:
dlt pipeline dlt_zendesk_pipeline show

5. Next steps to get your pipeline running in production

One of the beauties of dlt is, that we are just a plain Python library, so you can run your pipeline in any environment that supports Python >= 3.8. We have a couple of helpers and guides in our docs to get you there:

The Deploy section will show you how to deploy your pipeline to

  • Deploy with Github Actions: dlt provides a simple and effective way to deploy your pipelines using Github Actions. You just need to run the dlt deploy command with your script and specify the schedule for your Github Action.
  • Deploy with Airflow: If you prefer using Airflow, dlt has got you covered. You can easily deploy your pipeline using Airflow and Google Composer. dlt will create an Airflow DAG for your pipeline script that you can customize.
  • Deploy with Google Cloud Functions: dlt also supports deployment with Google Cloud Functions. This allows you to run your pipelines serverlessly in the Google Cloud environment.
  • Other Deployment Options: dlt offers a variety of other deployment options to suit your specific needs. Check them out here.

The running in production section will teach you about:

  • Monitor Your Pipeline: Keep an eye on your pipeline's performance and status with dlt. Learn how to set up monitoring for your pipeline in production here.
  • Set Up Alerts: Stay informed about your pipeline's status with alerts. dlt allows you to set up alerts to notify you of any changes or issues. Learn how to set up alerts here.
  • Set Up Tracing: Understand the flow of your pipeline and identify potential bottlenecks or issues with dlt's tracing feature. Learn how to set up tracing here.

Available Sources and Resources

For this verified source the following sources and resources are available

Source zendesk_chat

Zendesk Chat source provides detailed chat session data including user information and messages.

Resource NameWrite DispositionDescription
chatsmergeThis resource includes details about the chats in Zendesk. It includes information such as whether the chat has been deleted, the id, message, details about the session (browser, city, country code, country name, end date, id, ip, platform, region, start date, user agent), timestamp, type of chat, whether it is unread, update timestamp, and details about the visitor (email, id, name, notes, phone).

Source zendesk_support

The source 'zendesk_support' provides comprehensive data on customer service interactions, including ticket details, user information, and organizational metrics.

Resource NameWrite DispositionDescription
activitiesreplaceActivities in Zendesk are logs of all the changes and updates made to tickets.
automationsreplaceAutomations in Zendesk are business rules you define that run in the background of your support operations.
brandsreplaceBrands in Zendesk allow you to manage multiple brands in a single account.
custom_agent_rolesreplaceCustom agent roles in Zendesk allow you to customize the access and permissions of your agents.
dynamic_contentreplaceDynamic content in Zendesk allows you to write one version of an automated response and then translate it into other languages.
group_membershipsreplaceGroup memberships in Zendesk define the groups an agent belongs to.
groupsreplaceGroups in Zendesk are used to route tickets to the right people in your organization.
job_statusreplaceJob statuses in Zendesk provide information about the completion status of a job.
macrosreplaceMacros in Zendesk are predefined responses or sets of actions.
organization_fieldsreplaceOrganization fields in Zendesk are custom fields you can create for organizations.
organization_membershipsreplaceOrganization memberships in Zendesk define the organizations a user belongs to.
organizationsreplaceOrganizations in Zendesk are groups of your end-users.
recipient_addressesreplaceRecipient addresses in Zendesk are the email addresses associated with your support address.
requestsreplaceRequests in Zendesk are the tickets that end-users submit.
satisfaction_ratingsreplaceSatisfaction ratings in Zendesk are the ratings that your end-users can give to your support.
sharing_agreementsreplaceSharing agreements in Zendesk define how tickets are shared with other Zendesk instances.
skipsreplaceSkips in Zendesk are tickets that were skipped in a play queue.
sla_policiesreplaceSLA policies in Zendesk are the service level agreements you define for your tickets.
suspended_ticketsreplaceSuspended tickets in Zendesk are tickets that have been marked as spam or have been suspended for some other reason.
tagsreplaceTags in Zendesk are keywords or phrases that you can add to tickets.
targetsreplaceTargets in Zendesk are third-party applications or services that you can send notifications to.
ticket_eventsappendTicket events in Zendesk are the changes and updates made to a ticket.
ticket_fieldsreplaceTicket fields in Zendesk are the fields that a ticket form is composed of.
ticket_formsreplaceTicket forms in Zendesk are the different forms you can create for different types of tickets.
ticket_metric_eventsappendTicket metric events in Zendesk are the metrics associated with a ticket.
ticket_metricsreplaceTicket metrics in Zendesk are the metrics associated with a ticket.
ticketsmergeTickets in Zendesk are the means by which your end-users request help from your team.
triggersreplaceTriggers in Zendesk are business rules you define that automatically perform actions based on certain conditions.
user_fieldsreplaceUser fields in Zendesk are custom fields you can create for users.
usersreplaceUsers in Zendesk are anyone who interacts with the Zendesk product.
viewsreplaceViews in Zendesk are collections of tickets based on certain criteria.

Source zendesk_talk

"Zendesk_talk" provides data on call activity, agent activity, settings, greetings, and queue status.

Resource NameWrite DispositionDescription
addressesreplaceThis resource contains the addresses associated with Zendesk Talk.
agents_activityreplaceThis resource contains information about the activity of agents in Zendesk Talk.
callsreplaceThis resource contains information about the calls made in Zendesk Talk.
calls_incrementalmergeThis resource contains incremental information about the calls made in Zendesk Talk.
current_queue_activityreplaceThis resource contains information about the current activity in the queue of Zendesk Talk.
greeting_categoriesreplaceThis resource contains information about the categories of greetings in Zendesk Talk.
greetingsreplaceThis resource contains information about the greetings used in Zendesk Talk.
ivrsreplaceThis resource contains information about the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems in Zendesk Talk.
legs_incrementalmergeThis resource contains incremental information about the legs (or parts) of calls in Zendesk Talk.
linesreplaceThis resource contains information about the lines used in Zendesk Talk.
phone_numbersreplaceThis resource contains information about the phone numbers associated with Zendesk Talk.
settingsreplaceThis resource contains information about the settings configured in Zendesk Talk.

Additional pipeline guides

This demo works on codespaces. Codespaces is a development environment available for free to anyone with a Github account. You'll be asked to fork the demo repository and from there the README guides you with further steps.
The demo uses the Continue VSCode extension.

Off to codespaces!

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