Load SoundCloud Data to Neon Serverless Postgres with dlt in Python

tip

We will be using the dlt PostgreSQL destination to connect to Neon Serverless Postgres. You can get the connection string for your Neon Serverless Postgres database as described in the Neon Serverless Postgres Docs.

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SoundCloud is an online audio distribution platform and music sharing website that enables users to upload, promote, and share audio. This documentation explains how to load data from SoundCloud to Neon Serverless Postgres using the open-source python library dlt. Neon Serverless Postgres is a serverless platform designed to help you build reliable and scalable applications faster. By leveraging dlt, you can efficiently transfer and manage your audio data from SoundCloud to Neon Serverless Postgres. Further information about SoundCloud can be found at https://soundcloud.com/.

dlt Key Features

• Scalability via iterators, chunking, and parallelization: dlt offers scalable data extraction by leveraging iterators, chunking, and parallelization techniques, allowing for efficient processing of large datasets. Learn more
• Governance support: dlt pipelines offer robust governance support through pipeline metadata utilization, schema enforcement and curation, and schema change alerts. Read more
• Pipeline metadata: dlt pipelines leverage metadata to provide governance capabilities, including load IDs for incremental transformations and data vaulting. Read more about lineage
• Schema enforcement and curation: dlt empowers users to enforce and curate schemas, ensuring data consistency and quality. Adjust a schema
• Implicit extraction DAGs: dlt incorporates the concept of implicit extraction DAGs to handle dependencies between data sources and their transformations automatically. Learn more

Getting started with your pipeline locally

OpenAPI Source Generator dlt-init-openapi

This walkthrough makes use of the dlt-init-openapi generator cli tool. You can read more about it here. The code generated by this tool uses the dlt rest_api verified source, docs for this are here.

0. Prerequisites

dlt and dlt-init-openapi requires Python 3.9 or higher. Additionally, you need to have the pip package manager installed, and we recommend using a virtual environment to manage your dependencies. You can learn more about preparing your computer for dlt in our installation reference.

1. Install dlt and dlt-init-openapi

First you need to install the dlt-init-openapi cli tool.

pip install dlt-init-openapi

The dlt-init-openapi cli is a powerful generator which you can use to turn any OpenAPI spec into a dlt source to ingest data from that api. The quality of the generator source is dependent on how well the API is designed and how accurate the OpenAPI spec you are using is. You may need to make tweaks to the generated code, you can learn more about this here.

# generate pipeline
# NOTE: add_limit adds a global limit, you can remove this later
# NOTE: you will need to select which endpoints to render, you 
# can just hit Enter and all will be rendered.
dlt-init-openapi soundcloud --url https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dlt-hub/openapi-specs/main/open_api_specs/Public/soundcloud.yaml --global-limit 2
cd soundcloud_pipeline
# install generated requirements
pip install -r requirements.txt

The last command will install the required dependencies for your pipeline. The dependencies are listed in the requirements.txt:

dlt>=0.4.12

You now have the following folder structure in your project:

soundcloud_pipeline/
├── .dlt/
│   ├── config.toml          # configs for your pipeline
│   └── secrets.toml         # secrets for your pipeline
├── rest_api/                # The rest api verified source
│   └── ...
├── soundcloud/                
│   └── __init__.py          # TODO: possibly tweak this file
├── soundcloud_pipeline.py        # your main pipeline script
├── requirements.txt         # dependencies for your pipeline
└── .gitignore               # ignore files for git (not required)

1.1. Tweak soundcloud/__init__.py

This file contains the generated configuration of your rest_api. You can continue with the next steps and leave it as is, but you might want to come back here and make adjustments if you need your rest_api source set up in a different way. The generated file for the soundcloud source will look like this:

Click to view full file (568 lines)

from typing import List

import dlt
from dlt.extract.source import DltResource
from rest_api import rest_api_source
from rest_api.typing import RESTAPIConfig


@dlt.source(name="soundcloud_source", max_table_nesting=2)
def soundcloud_source(
        api_key: str = dlt.secrets.value,
        base_url: str = dlt.config.value,
) -> List[DltResource]:

    # source configuration
    source_config: RESTAPIConfig = {
        "client": {
            "base_url": base_url,
            "auth": {
                
            "type": "api_key",
            "api_key": api_key,
            "name": "Authorization",
            "location": "header"

            },
            "paginator": {
                "type":
                    "offset",
                "limit":
                    200,
                "offset_param":
                    "offset",
                "limit_param":
                    "limit",
                "total_path":
                    "",
                "maximum_offset":
                    20,
            },
        },
        "resources": 
        [
        {
            "name": "get_meactivities",
            "table_name": "activity",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/activities",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_trackstrack_idcomments",
            "table_name": "comment",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/tracks/{track_id}/comments",
                "params": {
                    "track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idcomments",
            "table_name": "comment",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/comments",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        # <h3>Security Advice</h3> * Using the [implicit OAuth authorization flow](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-security-topics-16#section-2.1.2) (`response_type=token`)  is **not recommended**. It can suffer from access token leakage and access token replay attacks. Use `response_type=code` instead. * Use the `state` parameter for [CSRF protection](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-security-topics-16#section-4.7). Pass a sufficient  random nonce here and verify this nonce again after retrieving the token. 
        {
            "name": "get_connect",
            "table_name": "connect",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/connect",
                "params": {
                    "client_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
                    "redirect_uri": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
                    "response_type": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
                    "scope": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "state": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_meconnections",
            "table_name": "connection",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/connections",
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_meconnectionsconnection_id",
            "table_name": "connection",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/connections/{connection_id}",
                "params": {
                    "connection_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idfavorites",
            "table_name": "favorite",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/favorites",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_trackstrack_idfavoriters",
            "table_name": "favoriter",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/tracks/{track_id}/favoriters",
                "params": {
                    "track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_mefollowers",
            "table_name": "follower",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/followers",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_mefollowersfollower_id",
            "table_name": "follower",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/followers/{follower_id}",
                "params": {
                    "follower_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        # Returns a list of users that follows (user_id).
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idfollowers",
            "table_name": "follower",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/followers",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_mefollowings",
            "table_name": "following",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/followings",
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_mefollowingsuser_id",
            "table_name": "following",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/followings/{user_id}",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        # Returns list of users that (user_id) follows.
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idfollowings",
            "table_name": "following",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/followings",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        # Returns (following_id) that is followed by (user_id).
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idfollowingsfollowing_id",
            "table_name": "following",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/followings/{following_id}",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    "following_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_mefavoritesids",
            "table_name": "id",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/favorites/ids",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_me",
            "table_name": "me",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me",
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_meactivitiesallown",
            "table_name": "own",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/activities/all/own",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        # Returns playlist info, playlist tracks and tracks owner info.
        {
            "name": "get_meplaylists",
            "table_name": "playlist",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/playlists",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_meplaylistsplaylist_id",
            "table_name": "playlist",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/playlists/{playlist_id}",
                "params": {
                    "playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_playlists",
            "table_name": "playlist",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/playlists",
                "params": {
                    "q": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_playlistsplaylist_id",
            "table_name": "playlist",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/playlists/{playlist_id}",
                "params": {
                    "playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "access": "playable,preview",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idplaylists",
            "table_name": "playlist",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/playlists",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "limit": "50",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_trackstrack_idrelated",
            "table_name": "related",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/tracks/{track_id}/related",
                "params": {
                    "track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_playlistsplaylist_idreposters",
            "table_name": "reposter",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/playlists/{playlist_id}/reposters",
                "params": {
                    "playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_trackstrack_idreposters",
            "table_name": "reposter",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/tracks/{track_id}/reposters",
                "params": {
                    "track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_resolve",
            "table_name": "resolve",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/resolve",
                "params": {
                    "url": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_trackstrack_idstreams",
            "table_name": "stream",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/tracks/{track_id}/streams",
                "params": {
                    "track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_meactivitiestracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/activities/tracks",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_mefollowingstracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/followings/tracks",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_melikestracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/likes/tracks",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_metracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/tracks",
                "params": {
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_metrackstrack_id",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/me/tracks/{track_id}",
                "params": {
                    "track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_playlistsplaylist_idtracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/playlists/{playlist_id}/tracks",
                "params": {
                    "playlist_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_tracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/tracks",
                "params": {
                    "q": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "ids": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "genres": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "tags": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "bpm": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "duration": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "created_at": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_trackstrack_id",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/tracks/{track_id}",
                "params": {
                    "track_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "secret_token": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idlikestracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/likes/tracks",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "limit": "50",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idtracks",
            "table_name": "track",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/tracks",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "access": "playable,preview",
                    # "limit": "50",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_users",
            "table_name": "user",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users",
                "params": {
                    "q": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required query parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "ids": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",
                    # "linked_partitioning": "OPTIONAL_CONFIG",

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_id",
            "table_name": "user",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter

                },
            }
        },
        {
            "name": "get_usersuser_idweb_profiles",
            "table_name": "web_profile",
            "endpoint": {
                "path": "/users/{user_id}/web-profiles",
                "params": {
                    "user_id": "FILL_ME_IN", # TODO: fill in required path parameter
                    # the parameters below can optionally be configured
                    # "limit": "50",

                },
            }
        },
        ]
    }

    return rest_api_source(source_config)

2. Configuring your source and destination credentials

info

dlt-init-openapi will try to detect which authentication mechanism (if any) is used by the API in question and add a placeholder in your secrets.toml.

• If you know your API needs authentication, but none was detected, you can learn more about adding authentication to the rest_api here.
• OAuth detection currently is not supported, but you can supply your own authentication mechanism as outlined here.

The dlt cli will have created a .dlt directory in your project folder. This directory contains a config.toml file and a secrets.toml file that you can use to configure your pipeline. The automatically created version of these files look like this:

generated config.toml

[runtime]
log_level="INFO"

[sources.soundcloud]
# Base URL for the API
base_url = "https://api.soundcloud.com"

generated secrets.toml

[sources.soundcloud]
# secrets for your soundcloud source
api_key = "FILL ME OUT"  # TODO: fill in your credentials

2.1. Adjust the generated code to your usecase

Further help setting up your source and destinations

At this time, the dlt-init-openapi cli tool will always create pipelines that load to a local duckdb instance. Switching to a different destination is trivial, all you need to do is change the destination parameter in soundcloud_pipeline.py to postgres and supply the credentials as outlined in the destination doc linked below.

• Read more about setting up the rest_api source in our docs.
• Read more about setting up the Neon Serverless Postgres destination in our docs.

3. Running your pipeline for the first time

The dlt cli has also created a main pipeline script for you at soundcloud_pipeline.py, as well as a folder soundcloud that contains additional python files for your source. These files are your local copies which you can modify to fit your needs. In some cases you may find that you only need to do small changes to your pipelines or add some configurations, in other cases these files can serve as a working starting point for your code, but will need to be adjusted to do what you need them to do.

The main pipeline script will look something like this:

import dlt

from soundcloud import soundcloud_source


if __name__ == "__main__":
    pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
        pipeline_name="soundcloud_pipeline",
        destination='duckdb',
        dataset_name="soundcloud_data",
        progress="log",
        export_schema_path="schemas/export"
    )
    source = soundcloud_source()
    info = pipeline.run(source)
    print(info)

Provided you have set up your credentials, you can run your pipeline like a regular python script with the following command:

python soundcloud_pipeline.py

4. Inspecting your load result

You can now inspect the state of your pipeline with the dlt cli:

dlt pipeline soundcloud_pipeline info

You can also use streamlit to inspect the contents of your Neon Serverless Postgres destination for this:

# install streamlit
pip install streamlit
# run the streamlit app for your pipeline with the dlt cli:
dlt pipeline soundcloud_pipeline show

5. Next steps to get your pipeline running in production

One of the beauties of dlt is, that we are just a plain Python library, so you can run your pipeline in any environment that supports Python >= 3.8. We have a couple of helpers and guides in our docs to get you there:

The Deploy section will show you how to deploy your pipeline to

• Deploy with Github Actions: Learn how to deploy your pipeline using Github Actions, a CI/CD runner that you can use for free.
• Deploy with Airflow: Follow the steps to deploy your pipeline with Airflow and Google Composer, a managed Airflow environment provided by Google.
• Deploy with Google Cloud Functions: Discover how to deploy your pipeline using Google Cloud Functions for a serverless approach.
• Explore more deployment options: Check out the other deployment guides to find the best fit for your needs.

The running in production section will teach you about:

• How to Monitor your pipeline: Learn how to effectively monitor your dlt pipeline in production to ensure smooth operation and quick identification of issues. How to Monitor your pipeline
• Set up alerts: Configure alerts to get notified of any issues or important events in your dlt pipeline. This helps in proactive management and quick resolution of potential problems. Set up alerts
• Set up tracing: Implement tracing to get detailed insights into the execution of your dlt pipeline. This allows you to track the flow of data and identify bottlenecks or errors. And set up tracing

Available Sources and Resources

For this verified source the following sources and resources are available

Source Soundcloud

Streams SoundCloud user activities, interactions, and track details.

Resource Name	Write Disposition	Description
favoriter	append	Users who have favorited a particular track
own	append	Tracks uploaded by the authenticated user
track	append	Individual audio tracks available on SoundCloud
stream	append	Stream of activities related to the authenticated user
me	append	Profile information of the authenticated user
follower	append	Users who follow the authenticated user
activity	append	Recent activities of the authenticated user
connect	append	Connection requests related to the authenticated user
connection	append	Established connections of the authenticated user
favorite	append	Tracks favorited by the authenticated user
reposter	append	Users who have reposted a particular track
resolve	append	Resolves SoundCloud URLs to API resources
id	append	Identifiers for various SoundCloud resources
user	append	Profile information of any user on SoundCloud
comment	append	Comments made on tracks
playlist	append	Playlists created by users
web_profile	append	External web profiles linked to a user's SoundCloud account
related	append	Tracks related to a particular track
following	append	Users that the authenticated user is following

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