Load SAP HANA data to Azure Synapse Analytics

SAP HANA is an in-memory relational database that can be used with SQLAlchemy through the sqlalchemy-hana dialect. This page has everything needed to load SAP HANA tables into Azure Synapse Analytics with dlt's sql_database source: the SQLAlchemy driver, the connection string, how to choose tables and load only new rows, plus the steps that hand the job to your coding agent.

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Build your SAP HANA to Azure Synapse Analytics pipeline

Set up a project, install the dltHub AI harness and its sql-database-pipeline toolkit, and let your coding agent build the pipeline:

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uv init
uv add "dlt[hub,sql_database,synapse]" pyarrow pandas hdbcli
uv run dlthub ai init --agent <your-agent> # <agent>: claude | cursor | codex
uv run dlthub ai toolkit install sql-database-pipeline

Then paste this prompt into Claude, Codex, or Cursor:

The toolkit lists the schemas and tables in your database, asks which tables to load, then scaffolds a one-table pipeline and runs it with a load limit before scaling up. Credentials are inspected through MCP tools, so your agent never reads secrets.toml itself. About the toolkit →

Prefer to write it yourself? Every fact the agent uses is below.

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SAP HANA at a glance

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How do I connect to SAP HANA?

dlt needs a database user with read access to the tables you want to load. Add its connection details to .dlt/secrets.toml:

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[sources.sql_database.credentials]
drivername = "hana+hdbcli"
host = "localhost"
port = 30015
username = "my_user"
password = "my_password"
database = "my_database"

Or as a single connection string:

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[sources.sql_database]
credentials = "hana+hdbcli://my_user:my_password@localhost:30015/my_database"

Use the sqlalchemy-hana dialect with the hdbcli driver. The dialect determines its default schema by querying CURRENT_USER; SAP HANA creates a schema with the user's name and uses it as that user's default schema. For ordinary SAP HANA identifiers, use lowercase names in SQLAlchemy—even though HANA reports unquoted identifiers in uppercase—because uppercase SQLAlchemy names are treated as quoted, case-sensitive identifiers by the dialect.

Azure Synapse Analytics credentials go in the same file; the Azure Synapse Analytics destination docs list the fields it needs. dlt reads .dlt/secrets.toml automatically at runtime — never hardcode credentials in your pipeline script. For production, see setting up credentials with dlt.

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Which SAP HANA tables can I load into Azure Synapse Analytics?

Any table or view the database user can read. The sql_database source reads each table's schema from SAP HANA and creates a matching table in Azure Synapse Analytics. These options narrow a load down to what you need:

Always pass table_names=[...] to sql_database(): without it, dlt reflects every table in the schema before loading anything. SAP HANA stores unquoted names in upper case, so a table created as orders is usually named ORDERS here.

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How do I load only new SAP HANA rows?

Give each table a cursor column and a primary key, and dlt loads only rows changed since the last run and merges them into Azure Synapse Analytics:

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source.orders.apply_hints(
    incremental=dlt.sources.incremental("updated_at"),
    write_disposition="merge",
    primary_key="id",
)

Use a timestamp such as updated_at for tables whose rows change, and an increasing id for append-only tables. On the first run dlt loads everything; after that it reads only rows past the last cursor value. See incremental loading.

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What does the SAP HANA to Azure Synapse Analytics pipeline look like?

This loads the customers and orders tables from the MY_SCHEMA schema into Azure Synapse Analytics. Replace the table names with your own:

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import dlt
from dlt.sources.sql_database import sql_database


def load_sap_hana_to_synapse() -> None:
    source = sql_database(
        schema="MY_SCHEMA",
        table_names=["customers", "orders"],
        backend="pyarrow",
    )
    source.orders.apply_hints(
        incremental=dlt.sources.incremental("updated_at"),
        write_disposition="merge",
        primary_key="id",
    )

    pipeline = dlt.pipeline(
        pipeline_name="sap_hana_pipeline",
        destination="synapse",
        dataset_name="sap_hana_data",
    )
    load_info = pipeline.run(source)
    print(load_info)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    load_sap_hana_to_synapse()

Credentials are not passed in the code: sql_database() reads them from [sources.sql_database] in .dlt/secrets.toml. Run it with uv run python sap_hana_pipeline.py.

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Which backend should I use?

The backend decides how rows are read from SAP HANA. The example uses pyarrow; switch if your data calls for it:

The toolkit's /optimize-sql-performance skill measures where time goes and picks a backend, chunk size and parallelism for you. See configuring the backend.

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How do I query SAP HANA data in Azure Synapse Analytics?

After a run, pipeline.dataset() holds the loaded tables. A Relation is a query on that dataset, either a whole table or a SQL string, and reading it gives you the data as a Pandas DataFrame, a PyArrow table or Python tuples. Nothing is read until you ask for it.

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import dlt

pipeline = dlt.pipeline("sap_hana_pipeline")

# Step 1: Get the dataset from the pipeline
dataset = pipeline.dataset()

# Step 2: Get a Relation, either a whole table...
orders = dataset.table("orders")
# ...or any SQL query against Azure Synapse Analytics
recent = dataset("SELECT * FROM orders ORDER BY updated_at DESC LIMIT 100")

# Step 3: Read the data
df = orders.df()  # or orders.df(chunk_size=50) for a large table
arrow_table = recent.arrow()  # a PyArrow Table
rows = recent.fetchall()  # a list of Python tuples

The columns are the ones of your SAP HANA tables; dataset.row_counts().df() lists every table with its row count. Your agent can run the same queries through the MCP server's execute_sql_query tool, and uv run dlthub show opens the Pipeline Dashboard with the schema, load metrics and a query box. See access loaded data in Python and exploring it in marimo notebooks.

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How do I deploy the SAP HANA to Azure Synapse Analytics pipeline in production?

The pipeline runs locally, which is ideal for prototyping and one-off loads. When you need it on a schedule, monitored on every load, and shared with your team, deploy the same dlt code on the dltHub platform — no infrastructure to maintain. The harness's dlthub-platform toolkit takes your agent there:

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uv run dlthub ai toolkit install dlthub-platform

• Deploy & schedule — run the pipeline as a managed job with automatic retries.
• Monitor — observable job queues, alerting, and load metrics for every run.
• Transform — promote raw SAP HANA loads into governed, documented models.
• Visualize & share — explore data in notebooks and publish live dashboards instead of static screenshots.

Book a demo →

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What other destinations can I load SAP HANA data to?

dlt loads into any of these — only the destination argument changes:

Set dlt.pipeline(destination="snowflake") and add that destination's credentials in .dlt/secrets.toml. See the full destinations list.

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Next steps

• Ready for production? Book a demo of the dltHub platform →
• SQL database source reference
• The sql-database-pipeline toolkit
• Join the dlt community on Slack